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Language in the Classroom/Betsy Baldwin

Ladson-Billings, in chapter seven, certainly struck a chord with me when she asked if "teachers in classrooms across the country {were} permitting children to fail." WOW. I really appreciated her comprehensive look at literacy, not only taking into account the issues of 'home" English versus Standard English, but also the issues of student engagement and teacher expectations! I think that most of us, as educators, know that teacher expectation plays a crucial role in student perceptions but do we realize that we often allow a student to choose mediocrity or even failure? If I get nothing more from this class, I hope I take this daunting message into the classroom with me each day. I don't believe I deem any of my students as "unworthy" of being taught and yet allowing any one of them to choose to do or be less is, in essence, sending that message. Kudos to Carter Forshay for refusing to give up on his students! Like Forshay, I have discovered that a little creativity and empathy goes a long way towards improving student engagement. When my 4th graders (equity plus school) were first faced with writing this year, most of the responses were very similar to the responses Forshay entertained. I realized that the task seemed overwhelming and uninteresting to most of my students so I put the narrative form "on the back burner" for awhile and began to read poetry to them, all kinds, everything from Shel Silverstein to Carl Sandberg from Langston Hughes to Nikki Giovanni to E.E. Cummings. Then we began to model our own poetry after our favorites. I was amazed how the students became involved and looked forward to writing! Reading the different poets, such as Giovanni and Langston Hughes, also opened up opportunities for discussion about use of "slang" or "dialect" in writing.

Although my favorite chapter was seven, I was intrigued by Delpit's descriptions (chapter 3) of her daughter's experiences as she transferred from a predominately white school to a school in which many students spoke BE. Here was a student whose home language was SE but who, because she was in the minority, felt inadequate. I was surprised to read that Maya felt "inferior" when she clearly exhibited equal academic ability and had been reared in an equally advantageous home environment. This year I've believed that my students were "disadvantaged" not because of their ethnicity but due to their lives of poverty. Delpit's chapter made me realize that her daughter, though advantaged in every sense of the word, perceived herself as "disadvantaged" when she was in the minority. That made me ask myself if my students perceive themselves as disadvantaged because they are in a minority in my community? I found it fascinating that Delpit's daughter learned to code switch so easily and quickly. Like Delpit's daughter, my own daughter, at age 15, could move easily from Southern slang to standard English to "ghetto" talk because of her cadre of friends. Why then is it so difficult for my 4th graders to acquire formal English? I liked Delpit's answer to that question which was that the person (student) needs to identify with the people who speak the language/dialect AND see how that language will meet a personal need or fulfull an interest in order to WANT to learn it. This led very nicely to the next chapter in which Baker gave some suggestions for stimulating student interest.

I liked Judith Baker's theory that there are 3 forms of English language with which most of us need a certain level of comfort, our "home" language, a formal English (she termed "academic" English) and a "professional" English. Although her methods were geared toward her high school students, I began to think that I could incorporate some of her ideas in my elementary classroom. Through the poetry writing activties I described earlier, I attempted to bridge the gap between the home and the formal language. I could also adopt her strategy of encouraging students to contribute to the language study by tapping into their "professional" interests and their professional language. The interests of 4th graders wouldn't be quite so extensive or sophisticated as those of high schoolers but discussion of hobbies, sports, interests (such as hair and cosmetoleogy) might increase student engagement as well as help create an better understanding of the different forms that language takes. This chapter excited me and motivated me to try another approach to language study, one that might interest me as well as my students!!! Quite frankly, "teaching to the test" bores me every bit as much as it does my students and though we are constantly bombarded with references to the EOG, I hope that I can find creative and interesting ways to approach the mandated curriculum so that my students (and I) can discover relevance in our learning.

Comments (22)

Danielle Griffin:

Betsy,
As I read the comment by Ladson-Billings, I had to think about my own school and students. I feel teachers sometimes get overwhelmed, give in to mediocrity, or allow children to give up including myself. I hope I have not done it, but unconsciously I cannot say I have not. After reading this chapter this weekend and writing my response yesterday, this afternoon I encountered a teacher in the hallway and she just finished reteaching with a group of her 3rd graders who did not pass the EOG the first time. She was frustrated with two students, and one happened to be a Special Ed student who was exited a few months ago. She told me how they played during tutoring and how she made the comment, “if you want to fail then go ahead, but don’t sit here and cause everyone else to miss out”. When she said this, I did not know what to say to her, but I went and spoke with the child. My mind went back to that chapter in the book that spoke about teachers allowing students to fail.
I think children can acquire slang, rap, etc easier because it is interesting to them and they can relate to their peers. I too like how Baker interacted with her children and the way she made the learning environment relevant for all her students. The three forms of English is something I think teachers could probably introduce into their classrooms and have some success with especially with older students. I think that it is good to provide students with many models of what you what them to do. The way you integrated the poets into your poetry lessons with your students seem to have been very interesting to them. Sometimes children need a poet or author’s work to model in order to get their own language flowing just as Forshay did.

Sarah McMillan:

Betsey,

I too had the same reaction from reading Chapter 7. At first I was almost defensive, but then I began to see what Gladson-Billings said in a different light. I have 100 7th graders. Some of them simply will not do work. All year I have struggled to find something, anything that will motivate them. I have had some successes with music, sports, movies, but I will be honest, it is tough to motivate someone who feels they have already failed. I will continue to try to make sure they are not given permission to fail.

I too saw many of my students this year as "disadvanted" due to poverty rather than ethnicity. As we have told students many times this year, you may not have the power over what happens to you, but you do have the power to choose how you react to it. I often wonder, as you, do my students see themselves disadvanted because they are a minority in our community. Our African American population is bused out of East Winston Salem to Kernersville. They know it, and often refer to the "black kid" bus or the "white kid" bus. Yesterday in fact, a bus was late that happened to be a bus that takes home a lot of african american students. I heard one of the students laugh saying, man this is the bus with all the black kids, laughing. I wonder how do they see themselves? Those kids have embraced their bus, their language and their community. They take ownership of their bus driver. I often wonder how do these kids truly feel about being at our school, and how does that affect their motivation to learn and participate in class, in a community that may seem so foreign to them?

Jeanna McIntyre:

Guilty. That's immediately how I felt when I read this chapter. I am guilty of releasing a child from his responsibility to learn and I feel terrible about it. For this entire school year I've struggled with a child I'll call John. John comes from an erratic home life that is filled with uncertainty. His mother moves from job to job almost on a monthly basis. His father is a terrible role model. John often brags about things his father does, like cursing at neighbors (with John at his side) and kicking the family dog. John laughs at his dad's behavior and looks up to him like he's the most wonderful thing in the world. Of course he does because that is his dad. John thinks this is normal behavior. I try to take his home life into consideration when dealing with John in the classroom. He refuses to participate, even in one-on-one lessons. John, who is LD in reading, writing, and math, doesn't want to come to school. He alternates between defiance and apathy in his behavior and academics. John won't do the work I know he is capable of doing and doesn't respond to the seemingly hundreds of motivators I've tried with him throughout the course of this school year. I have to be honest, in my mind I've given up. John doesn't know that I feel this way, nor will he. I am aware, however, that I'm counting the days until the end of the school year. (There are five in my county, in case you're wondering.) I don't feel equipped to deal with a child who has problems like John. I am frustrated and angry. I'm frustrated because education is not a priority for this family. I'm frustrated because this child has repeated kindergarten and is now leaving first grade knowing only 15 letters, 12 sounds, and reads on the SAME level he did when he entered my classroom. (This is after the hours and hours spent EACH day my my PRT and myself with this child! I've never encountered such a situation. I've spoken with numerous colleagues who have said the same thing. The extreme nature of this child has left me throwing my hands up in the air in exasperation!) I'm angry for my other 20 students who have had their time with me stolen from them because of the behavior of one child. I'm angry because these children deserved so much more of my time and effort that I dedicated to John. It's impossible to be completely fair to all children in the classroom, unfortunately. I try to be a good teacher and, as a good teacher, I feel guilty for mentally "giving up" on a child.

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